study_informationEngineering_mid

==== lecture one ====

q1: what is diffriency between information engineering & information technology?

• information engineering that deals with generation, distrubtion, design,
  analysis and use the data and information in a system
• information techonolgy is a broad subject encompossing all espects of IT
  fields, like computer hardware and software and communcation and etc

q2: what is IE?

is a an approach to designing and developing information system

q3: what is type of information engineering?

1. data processing driven (DP-information)
2. Business processing driven (BP-information)

q4: what is fields of business processing driven?

• machine learning (ML)
• control threoy
• image processing
• signal processing
• information theory

q5: what is four stages for Data processing driven information system?

1. planing phase
2. analysis phase
3. design phase
4. implementation phase

q5: what is disadvantage for Data processing driven information system?

use thrid and fourth generation languages to develop system then results gone
take too much time and the developer want to adding new feature and new updates
gone be so hard because the system is verh difficult to understand

q6: what is business process driven IE stages?

1. strategic planning : to identiy the information need
2. data modeling : making a data model to achive what we need
3. process modeling: define the process of a model and starting a implementation

q7: what is a system?

it's a group of interrelated components function that togther achive a disred
goal

q8: what is information system(IS)?

it's an organzation that capture and handle the data to preduce useful
information

q9: what is transaction processing system(TPS)?

it's a processing a transaction such as orders , cards, payments, etc

q10: what is management information system?

it's a system that capture an data about the transaction to show to the
manager to mange the system

q11: what is a stackholder?

any person who has intereset is an existing or proposed to and information
system or idea for system

==== lecture two ====

q1: what is stratgic planning?

is a process where the loader of organzaiton set up the goals and objectives
to define the future of a company and vision for it

q2: what swot?

stand for strengths, weaknesses, opportiunities, threats

q3: what is data flow diagram?

is a diagram showing how the data moves through information system but don't
show the logic or the operation for the system

==== lecture three ====

==== lecture four ====

What is project management, and what are its main objectives?

Project Management is the process of planning, organizing, and overseeing tasks, resources,
and timelines to achieve specific project goals within constraints such as scope, cost, and time.
Main Objectives:

• Delivering the project within the defined scope, time, and budget.
• Ensuring quality standards are met.
• Managing resources efficiently.
• Satisfying stakeholder expectations.

What is the relationship between tasks and events, or milestones?

Tasks are individual activities that contribute to the completion of the project.
They have specific durations and dependencies. Events or milestones are significant
points or achievements in the project, often marking the completion of a group
of related tasks or phases.
Relationship:
Tasks lead to milestones. For example, completing tasks like 'Design approval' and
'Material procurement' results in reaching the milestone 'Start construction.'

What is a work breakdown structure? How do you create one?

A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a hierarchical decomposition of the project into
smaller, manageable components or tasks. It helps define the scope and organize the work.
Steps to Create a WBS:

1. 1. Identify the main deliverables or phases of the project.
2. 2. Break down each deliverable into smaller tasks.
3. 3. Continue decomposing tasks until they are manageable and measurable.
4. 4. Organize tasks hierarchically, with high-level phases at the top and
      detailed tasks below.

What are task patterns, and how can you recognize them?

Task Patterns refer to the logical sequence or relationships between tasks in a project.
Common patterns include:

• Dependent Tasks: Tasks that must be completed sequentially.
• Multiple Successor Tasks: A task that triggers several subsequent tasks.
• Multiple Predecessor Tasks: A task dependent on several prior tasks.
  Recognition:
  By analyzing the dependencies and flow of tasks, you can identify patterns using tools
  like Gantt charts or PERT diagrams.

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of Gantt and PERT/CPM charts.

Define the following terms:

• best-case estimate
• probable-case estimate
• and worst-case estimate
• describe how project managers use these concepts.

• Best-Case Estimate: The shortest possible time to complete a task under ideal conditions.
• Probable-Case Estimate: The most likely time required to complete a task under normal conditions.
• Worst-Case Estimate: The longest possible time to complete a task under challenging conditions.
  Usage:
  Project managers use these estimates to evaluate risk, create realistic schedules, and prepare for uncertainties.

How does a project manager calculate start and finish times?

A project manager calculates start and finish times using the Critical Path Method (CPM) by:
5. 1. Performing a forward pass to calculate the earliest start (ES) and finish (EF) times for tasks.
6. 2. Performing a backward pass to determine the latest start (LS) and finish (LF) times.
7. 3. Accounting for task dependencies and durations during these calculations.

What is a critical path, and why is it important to project managers? How do you identify the critical path?

The Critical Path is the longest sequence of dependent tasks that determines the shortest time to complete a project.
Importance:

• Ensures the project is completed on time.
• Highlights tasks that cannot be delayed without affecting the project schedule.
  Identification:
• List all tasks, their durations, and dependencies.
• Use CPM to calculate the path with the longest duration.

What are some project reporting and communication techniques?

• Progress Reports: Written updates on task completion and milestones.
• Dashboards: Visual tools summarizing project metrics.
• Meetings: Regularly scheduled updates with stakeholders and team members.
• Email and Messaging Tools: For quick communication and updates.

What is risk management, and why is it important?

Risk Management is the process of identifying, analyzing, and addressing potential risks to minimize their impact on a project.
Importance:

• Ensures proactive handling of potential issues.
• Protects project timelines, costs, and scope.
• Improves stakeholder confidence and project outcomes.