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path: Su/administration/study_admin_l2.md

- **fileName**: study_admin_l2
- **Created on**: 2025-03-12 01:01:32

lecture study

what is network?

is all components of hardware andd software that involve in connection
computer in large or small area

what are the tree main components of network?

• connected device: computer or mobiles or servers or host
• network device: like router and switch and hub and else
• connectivity: media for connection betweeen components of network
  involve wireless and wire connection like fiber obtic or coaxal cable

network type: (size)?

• pan (personal area network) for user home useing
• man (metropolition area network) group of lans that connected in small area
• can (campus area network) groups of lans that connected in small area
  like school or campus
• wan (wide area network): groups of wan that connected in large area
• lan (local area network): group of network that work in small area

epxlain lsps

• international internet service providers: at the top of the hieriarchy
  , it's service provider and connect for all nations togther

• national internet service: are backbone networks created and maintained
  by specific organization

• Regional internet

• Regional internet service providers: smaller lsps that connected to nationl
  lsps

• local internet service provider: provide direct accress to service for user
  end us

what is network topologies?

• star Network: all network connected to center device
• bus network: all network are connected to single line
• mesh network: all network are connected togther

what is network architecture

• client: computers that request and utilitzes network resourses
• server: computers severs that dedicated to handle and processing
  client request

what is peer to peer connection?

• center server is not use
• all computers in network work as small functional
• users have a direct access too all computers and devices
• content is exchange between devices
• less complicated and expensive than client server

what network type based on data transmission?

• simplex tarnsmission : data travel in single direction
• half-duplex transmission : data travel in two direction but not at
  the same time
• full-duplex : data tranvel in two direction at the same time

what is the function of access method?

it's set of rules that define how the computer gone puts the data into network
cable and takes the data from cable

what is trafic control in cable?

multiple computers access cable at same time

explain the major access methods?

• carrier-sence multiple access mehtod(CSMA)
• with collsion detectoin (CSMA/CD)
• with collsion avoidance (CSSMA/CA)
• a token passing to allowing only one access each time
• a demond priority method

explain network media wire?

• twistied pair cable: pairs are iusulated twisted togther using in LANS
• coaxial cable: thick center wire surrounded by insulation using cable tv
• fiper obtic cable: using for high connection and fast speed

explain the network media wireless?

data is sent through the airwaves using radio singals

what is NIC?

it's stand for network interface card using for:

• prepare the data from computer to network
• genrating a electrionc singals that travels over the cable
• resive incoming data
• send data to another computer

what is a repeater?

when alan want to get larger in size then using the repeater to boost the
single from cable and help to increase the size of network

what is hubs?

it's multiport device that using for connection multi device over the network
and it's a center devcie in star topology

what is network administration?

it's an engineer that concerns of ther operational management of human-computer
system

what are the rols of network administrator?

• control strategic assets
• control cost human-computers
• control complexity
• improving service
• reduce downtime

what are tasks of a network administrator?

• security management
• performance management
• planning and growth
• account/User management
• fault management and recovery
• Networked application support

what are the challengas of system network administrator?

• design logic
• easy deploy and update
• deside what service is need
• plan and implement
• be able to fix errors
• keep track and be able to use knowloadge

how to be a system(sys/net) admint

• learn operation system
• learn bash script and shell utils
• learn how ot install and configure os
• learn dns
• learn tcp/ip
• learn NFS adn NIS
• learn about system tunning and accounting

Review Questions and Answers lecture 2

1. What are the main roles of network system administrators?

1. Controlling corporate strategic assets: Ensure the network supports business goals.
2. Controlling complexity: Simplify network structure and operations.
3. Improving service: Ensure network uptime, reliability, and performance.
4. Balancing various needs: Handle user demands, business needs, and technical requirements.
5. Reducing downtime: Quickly detect, diagnose, and resolve network failures.

2. What is the meaning of Server Farm?

A server farm is a collection of servers housed together in one location
to provide large-scale processing power and resources. It supports high availability,
load balancing, and redundancy for applications, websites, or data storage.

3. What are the basic requirements of network management?

1. Monitoring: Continuous observation of network performance, traffic, and resource usage.
2. Configuration: Managing network settings, devices, and software.
3. Fault detection and recovery: Quickly identifying and fixing network issues.
4. Security: Protecting data and resources from unauthorized access.
5. Performance optimization: Ensuring the network runs smoothly and efficiently.

4. Mention 5 roles of a network administrator.

1. Installing and configuring network hardware and software.
2. Monitoring network performance and security.
3. Managing user access and permissions.
4. Troubleshooting connectivity issues.
5. Implementing backups and disaster recovery plans.

5. A network administrator encounters many challenges,

select 3 of these challenges, and provide how they can manage them.

1. Challenge: Security threats (e.g., hackers, malware).
   • Solution: Use firewalls, antivirus software, and regular system patches.
2. Challenge: Network downtime.
   • Solution: Implement redundancy, backup power, and proactive monitoring.
3. Challenge: Scalability — handling increased traffic and users.
   • Solution: Upgrade infrastructure, balance loads, and use cloud resources.

6. Explain how to prepare yourself to be a system administrator(Sys/net).

1. Learn operating systems — Master Linux, Windows, or Unix.
2. Understand networking basics — TCP/IP, DNS, DHCP, and routing.
3. Get hands-on experience — Set up home labs, manage small networks.
4. Learn scripting — Bash, Python, or PowerShell for automation.
5. Earn certifications — CompTIA Network+, CCNA, or RHCE.
6. Stay updated — Follow tech news, attend workshops, and continuously learn.

Review Questions and Answers lecture 3,4

1. Briefly explain the function of each layer in the OSI model.

• Physical Layer: Transmits raw bits over a medium.
• Data Link Layer: Ensures reliable data transfer between two
  directly connected nodes
• Network Layer: Handles routing of packets from source to destination.
• Transport Layer: Ensures reliable process-to-process communication.
• Session Layer: Manages and controls connections between applications.
• Presentation Layer: Handles data translation, encryption, and compression.
• Application Layer: Provides network services to the end-user (e.g., HTTP, FTP).

2. Discuss the addressing process in the network.

• Physical Address (MAC): Unique address of a network device, used for local delivery.
• Logical Address (IP): Identifies a device across different networks.
• Port Address: Specifies a process/service on a device.
• Application Address: Defines the final destination in a networked application.

3. Define network management.

The process of administering, maintaining, and ensuring efficient network operation.

4. List five functions of network management.

1. Configuration management
2. Fault management
3. Performance management
4. Security management
5. Accounting management

5. Define configuration management and its purpose.

Ensures the network's hardware, software, and settings are properly
documented and updated.

6. List two subfunctions of configuration management.

• Reconfiguration: Adjusts network components (hardware/software).
• Documentation: Records network settings and changes.

7. Define fault management and its purpose.

Detects, isolates, and resolves network issues to maintain service availability.

8. List two subfunctions of fault management.

• Reactive Fault Management: Detects and fixes existing problems.
• Proactive Fault Management: Prevents issues before they occur.

9. Define performance management and its purpose.

Monitors and optimizes network performance for efficiency and reliability.

10. List four measurable quantities of performance management.

1. Traffic
2. Throughput
3. Response time
4. Network capacity

11. Define security management and its purpose.

Protects network resources from unauthorized access, attacks, and threats.

12. Define account management and its purpose.

Controls and monitors user access to network resources, ensuring fair
usage and security.

continue:./study_admin_l3.md
before:./study_admin_l1.md